“Religious suffering is, at one and the same time, the expression of real suffering and a protest against real suffering.”
-Karl Marx, “Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosphy of Right”
Marx and Engels
Primary Literature
Engels, Friedrich. 1967 [1850]. The German Revolutions: The Peasant War in Germany and Germany: Revolution and Counter-Revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
_____. 1941 [1888]. Ludwig Feuerbach and the Outcome of Classical German Philosophy. New York: International Publishers.
_____. 1939 [1877]. Anti-Dühring: Herr Eugen Dühring’s Revolution in Science. Translated by Emile Burns. New York: International Publishers.
Marx, Karl. 1998 [1846]. The German Ideology. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.
_____. 1992 [1846-1847]. The Poverty of Philosophy. New York: International Publishers.
_____. 1977 [1873]. “Preface to the Second Edition” of CapitalVolume One. Translated by Ben Fowkes. New York: Vintage Books.
_____. 1974 [1843-4]. “Critique of Hegel’s Doctrine of the State” in Early Writings, Translated by Rodney Livingstone and Gregor Benton. London: Penguin Books.
_____. 1974 [1843-4]. “A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’sPhilosophy of Right: An Introduction” in Early Writings, Translated by Rodney Livingstone and Gregor Benton. London: Penguin Books
_____. 1845. “Theses on Feuerbach.”
_____. 1844. “On the Jewish Question.” Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher.
Marx, Karl and Friechrich Engels. 2008. On Religion. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications.
_____. 1975 [1845]. The Holy Family, or Critique of Critical Criticism. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
Secondary Literature
Berlin, Isaiah. 1996. Karl Marx. 4th Edition. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Carlebach, Julius. 1978. Karl Marx and the Radical Critique of Judaism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.
Fischman, Dennis. 1991. Political Discourse in Exile: Karl Marx and the Jewish Question. Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press.
Gollwitzer, Helmut. 1971. Die marxistische Religionskiritik und der christliche Glaube. Hamburg: Siebenstern Taschenbuch Verlag.
Hunt, Tristram. 2009. Marx’s General: The Revolutionary Life of Friedrich Engels. New York: Henry Holt.
McKown. Delos B. 1975. The Classical Critiques of Religion: Marx, Engels, Lenin, Kautsky. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
McLellan, David. 2006. Karl Marx: A Biography. Houndmills: Palgrave MacMillan.
______. 1987. Marxism and Religion: A Description and Assessment of the Marxist Critique of Christianity. Harper Collins.
Post, Werner. 1969. Kritik der Religion bei Karl Marx. München: Kösel-Verlag.